Memorandum of law in support
of the Petition for Writ of
Habeas Corpus (28 U.S.C. sec 2254)



Return to previous page eMail a friend Download this 	page in Acrobat format printable version
Translate this page into Spanish
Translate this page into French
Translate this page into German
using FreeTranslation.com
Free web and text translation


The following are excerpts from the "Petition for Writ of Habeas Corpus" by former defense attorney ANDERS V. ROSENQUIST on behalf of Debra Milke. Please note that large portions of this document are based on false facts and assumptions which led MR. ROSENQUIST to a wrongful defense strategy and were based on false and incomplete case research. "debbiemilke.com" decided to keep this document as a part of the entire website to depict exactly this circumstance to the onlooker that such a wrongful approach to defending a case might lead an innocent life into the death chamber. Debra Milke is today represented by the well know Phoenix law firm Kimerer & Derrick, P.C.


line break

Debra Jean Milke received a Stay of Execution on January 12, 1998 and U. S. District Judge Robert Broomfield was assigned to rule on Debra's case, Cause No PHX RGB 98-60, thus entering her appeal into the Federal Court System. On 31 August 1998, her Attorney, Anders V. Rosenquist, Jr. submitted a MEMORANDUM OF LAW IN SUPPORT OF THE PETITION FOR WRIT OF HABEAS CORPUS to Judge Broomfield's court. The document was submitted in accordance with the United States Code and contains the Statement of the Case, Grounds for Relief, Conclusion, and Certification of Notification to appropriate officials. The following is a summary :

INTRODUCTION

Human Life is our most precious possession. Our natural instincts guide us from birth to sustain life by protecting ourselves and protecting others. All notions of morality focus on the right to live and all of man's laws seek to preserve this most important right. When presented with challenges to a capital sentence, it would be easy to respond rhetorically by asking, "What about the victim whom the defendant has been found guilty of unmercifully killing". But this approach fails to reflect on ideal that a government founded by a moral and civilized society should not act as unmercifully as the defendant is accused of acting. If the original murder cannot be justified under man's laws, it is equally unlawful and inhumane to commit the same atrocity in the name of the state. What separates the unlawful killing by man and the lawful killing by the state are the legal barriers that exist to preserve the individual's constitutional rights and protect against the unlawful execution of a death sentence. If the law is not given strict adherence, then we as a society are just as guilty of a heinous crime as the condemned felon. It should thus be readily apparent that the legal process in a civilized society must not rush to judgement and thereafter rush to execute a person found guilty of taking the life of another.

Mercer v. Armentrout, 864 F.2d.1429,1431 (8th Cir.1988)

To date, justice, in the form of a full and fair hearing of the issues, has been denied Petitioner Debra Milke at every stage of the judicial process. Multiple errors occurred in her trial and on appeal due to the fallibility of the key individuals who investigated, prosecuted, judged, and defended the case. And because the system is weighted so heavily toward sustaining prior decisions, these errors continued to go unchecked in the postconviction review process.

Before ever meeting or speaking to Debra Milke, Detective Armando Saldate was convinced of her involvement in the murder of her son. His early rush to judge Debra permitted him to ignore the procedural safeguards intended to protect her rights and to insure the accuracy and reliability of his investigation. The resulting "confession" by Debra was gained in a thirty minute interview without benefit of a witness, an audio or video tape recording, or a signed statement. Worse, Detective Saldate destroyed his contemporaneous notes of the interview. Nothing exists to corroborate his contention that Debra confessed. She adamantly and consistently denies that she ever confessed to the crime. The failure to suppress Debra's statement, under these conditions amounts to constitutional error of the first magnitude.

Without other evidence to link Debra to her son's murder, this illusory confession became the backbone, the very foundation, of the State's case against Debra. The lack of direct evidence against Debra also rendered her character a critical issue for the jury. Armando Saldate's early judgement of Debra's guilt permeated and tainted the entirety of subsequent proceedings; thus, one police officer was able to have an incredible impact on the outcome of this case.

In addition, the pressure to "win" this case was intense. A prosecutor's main priority must be to "do justice", but in a case such as this, the temptation to sacrifice that priority to "get the win" was overwhelming. He repeatedly misstated prior testimony, relied on innuendo, and engaged in inflammatory rhetoric and improper argument to secure a conviction and death sentence.

The trial court's rulings in this case clearly demonstrate the existence of impermissible bias against Debra. The trial court failed to suppress Debra Milke's purported confession, she impeded defense counsel's ability to impeach critical witnesses, she allowed the State to present an ambush rebuttal witness, she sat a jury with vacation plans that impinged on the trial and she allowed those plans to rush the trial and deliberations to completion. As a result of the errors of the trial court in the conduct of this case, Debra was denied her constitutional rights to present a thorough defense and to properly confront the witnesses against her before an unbiased judge and an impartial jury.

The trial court's bias against Debra manifested itself in postconviction proceedings as well. She ignored the ample evidence of the bias inherent in her one-sided rulings, both at trial and in post- conviction proceedings. By summarily dismissing all of Debra's claims, the trial court denied counsel the ability to conduct necessary additional discovery.

The essence of the trial court's power in a jury trial is its ability to allow or withhold evidence to the jury. When the stakes are so high, the trial court's rulings as to admissibility of evidence should, where possible, inure to the benefit of providing more information rather than less. The trial court allowed evidence of Debra's character by a witness who had not seen Debra for more than a year before the offense, but found more recent, highly favorable character testimony inadmissable. The trial judge is as fallible as any other human being and her bias in the conduct of this case is clear.

Defense counsel, too, are merely human and despite their best efforts, egregious error, fatal to a trial, sentencing or an appeal can occur. Here, defense counsel failed to have Debra testify in the critical voluntariness hearing. He failed to properly investigate the case or adequately prepare her for trial. He did nothing to investigate or impeach the critical witnesses in this case. Many of counsel's discovery requests were late or insufficient. Trial counsel repeatedly raised ineffectual objections or neglected to object altogether, thereby waiving issues on appeal. Further, trial counsel failed to raise a meaningful defense on Debra Milke's behalf or to investigate and present ample mitigation evidence available. No good reasons or strategy exist to excuse such meaningful failures.

Debra's counsel on direct appeal raised very few issues. His failure to recognize and preserve the voluntariness issue, among other issues, denied Debra her right to effective assistance of counsel and grossly prejudiced her.

These are but a few of the issues deserving attention by this Court in this proceeding. Other constitutional challenges to Debra's convictions and sentences exist and are also addressed. The evidence of actual guilt in this case is sparse. There was no physical evidence linking Debra to the crime and her conviction hangs on a tainted, unverifiable confession and character witnesses moved by that purported confession and the assurances by police that they had solved the crime. In a civilized society, the state sponsored taking of a human life cannot be allowed to rest on such flimsy evidence.



line break

GROUNDS FOR RELIEF.



I. THE OVERREACHING TACTICS OF PHOENIX POLICE DETECTIVE ARMANDO SALDATE DEPRIVED DEBRA MILKE OF HER CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS AGAINST SELF INCRIMINATION, TO DUE PROCESS, A FAIR TRIAL, AND A JUST SENTENCING DETERMINATION IN VIOLATION OF THE FIFTH, SIXTH, EIGHTH, AND FOURTEENTH AMENDMENTS TO THE UNITED STATES CONSTITUTION.
A. The interrogation methods employed by police Detective Armando Saldate rendered the results of his interrogation of Debra Milke unreliable and and violated Debra Milke's right to due process.
1. Detective Saldate has an affinity for questioning injured and mentally impaired suspects.
2. Detective Saldate has demonstrated his utter disregard for MIRANDA VS. ARIZONA.
3. Detective Saldate has a history of lying to the grand jury in order to secure indictments.
4. Detective Saldate has a history of corrupting and misusing the outcomes of line-up identifications.
5. Detective Saldate has previously been accused of fabricating confessions.
6. The evidence establishes that Detective Saldate essentially fabricated Debra Milke's purported confession.
7. Conclusion.
B. Detective Saldate's interview techniques acted to bias witnesses against Debbie Milke and denied her right to a fair trial.


II. REPEATED INSTANCES OF PROSECUTORIAL MISCONDUCT DENIED DEBRA MILKE DUE PROCESS, A FAIR TRIAL, AND A RELIABLE SENTENCING DETERMINATION IN VIOLATION OF THE FIFTH, SIXTH, EIGHTH AND FOURTEENTH AMENDMENTS.
A. The prosecutor engaged in discovery violations that ambushed the defense denied Debra Milke's constitutional right to due process and a fair trial.
1. The late timing of the State's Notice of intent to Seek Death prejudiced Debra.
2. The prosecutor repeatedly released important discovery in an untimely manner that prejudiced Debra's effort to defend herself.
3. The prosecutor's failure to properly or timely notice Debra of his intent to call Dorothy Markwell as a rebuttal witness prejudiced Debra in the preparation and presentation of her defense.
B. The prosecutor repeatedly misstated prior testimony and engaged in Improper, inflammatory questions and argument resulting in prejudice to Debra Milke denying her constitutional rights to due process and a fair trial.


III. THE ERRORS OF THE TRIAL COURT IN THE CONDUCT OF DEBRA'S TRIAL AND SENTENCING INFRINGED UPON HER RIGHTS TO DUE PROCESS, A FAIR TRIAL, AND A JUST SENTENCING PROCESS IN VIOLATION OF THE FIFTH, SIXTH, EIGHTH, AND FOURTEENTH AMENDMENTS.
A. The trial court erred in failing to suppress the results of the improper and unconstitutional police interrogation.
B. The trial court erred in refusing to permit the full impeachment of the interrogation officer.
C. The trial court erred in failing to permit defense counsel to call the expert he retained as a witness in the voluntariness hearing.
D. The trial court violated Ms. Milke's right to present a defense by precluding her from calling certain defense witnesses.
E. The trial court repeatedly failed to allow Debra the funds necessary to mount an adequate defense.
F. The trial court repeatedly allowed the prosecutor to engage in improper and prejudicial arguments and questioning.
G. The trial court erred in allowing the State to present hearsay evidence of a co-defendant's statement.
H. The trial court erred in allowing the State to present the ambush testimony of Dorothy Markwell.
I. The trial court erred in seating jurors with conflicting vacation plans, rushing the trial to completion, and in accusing defense counsel of engaging in "stall tactics".
J. The trial court erroneously struck, for cause, potential juror Moquino.
K. The trial court's instruction to the jury on motive was erroneous.
L. The trial court erroneously failed to find grief as a mitigating factor.


IV. DEFENSE COUNSEL WAS SO DEFICIENT IN THE REPRESENTATION OF DEBRA MILKE DURING HER TRIAL AND SENTENCING AS TO DENY HER RIGHT TO EFFECTIVE ASSISTANCE OF COUNSEL IN VIOLATION OF THE SIXTH AMENDMENT.
A. Defense counsel's overall investigation of this case was so deficient that Debra was prejudiced by his substandard performance.
B. Defense counsel's investigation and cross-examination of material witness Armando Saldate was so deficient that Debra was significantly prejudiced.
C. Defense counsel's waiver of Debra's right to venue based on prejudicial pretrial publicity comprised ineffective assistance of counsel.
D. Debra was deprived of her rights to effective assistance of counsel and to present a defense when her attorney retained an expert whose qualifications and performance was substandard.
E. Defense counsel's motion to supress Debra's statements and his conduct of the voluntariness hearing, a critical element of her defense, was so incompetent as to be ineffective assistance of counsel.
F. Defense counsel's conduct of Debra's trial was substandard.
  1. Defense counsel's opening and closing arguments were defective.
  2. Defense counsel's failure to raise cogent, timely objections prejudiced Debra.
G. Defense counsel failed to investigate or present the ample mitigation evidence available in Debra's case.


V. THE TRIAL COURT'S IMPOSITION OF THE DEATH PENALTY VIOLATED DEBRA'S FIFTH AMENDMENT RIGHT TO DUE PROCESS AND VIOLATES THE EIGHTH AMENDMENT PROHIBITION AGAINST CRUEL AND UNUSUAL PUNISHMENT.
A. The trial court improperly considered victim impact information.
B. Debra Milke's death sentence must be vacated because the trial court improperly weighed the age of the victim to be a sec. 13-703(F)(6) aggravating factor as well as a sec 13-703(F)(9) aggravating factor.
C. Arizona's death penalty statute fails to provide guidance regarding the weighing process to the sentencing court.
D. The death penalty is cruel and unusual punishment.


VI. DEBRA MILKE'S DEATH SENTENCE AMOUNTS TO CRUEL AND UNUSUAL PUNISHMENT.
A. Debra Milke's death sentence is grossly dispropotionate.
1. Comparing Debra Milke's case to other cases in Arizona where women have been convicted of murder and did not get the death penalty indicates flagrant disproportion.
2. Comparing Debra Milke's case to other women on death row shows the glaring disproportionality of her sentence.


VII. MILKE WAS DENIED HER RIGHT, UNDER THE FOURTEENTH AMENDMENT TO THE UNITED STATES CONSTITUTION, TO EQUAL PROTECTION OF THE LAW WHEN SHE WAS DENIED A JURY TRIAL ON AGGRAVATING FACTORS IN A CAPITAL CASE WHILE DEFENDANTS IN NONCAPITAL CASES HAVE JURIES TO DETERMINE AGGRAVATING FACTORS.


VIII. DEBRA MILKE WAS DENIED EFFECTIVE ASSISTANCE OF COUNSEL ON DIRECT APPEAL IN VIOLATION OF THE SIXTH AMENDMENT.


IX. THE ARIZONA SUPREME COURT VIOLATED DEBRA MILKE'S FIFTH AMENDMENT RIGHT TO DUE PROCESS BY IMPOSING THE DEATH PENALTY WITHOUT CONDUCTING A PROPORTIONALITY REVIEW.


X. IN UPHOLDING HER DEATH SENTENCE ON THE BASIS THAT THE "SENSELESSNESS" AND "SHOCKINGLY EVIL" NATURE OF HER OFFENSE MADE IT "HENIOUS.OR DEPRAVED", THE ARIZONA SUPREME COURT VIOLATED THE EIGHTH AMD FOURTEENTH AMENDMENTS BY RELYING ON CONSTITUTIONALLY INSUFFICIENT NARROWING CONSTRUCTIONS OF A FACIALLY VAGUE STATUTORY AGGRAVATING CIRCUMSTANCE.
A. The Arizona Supreme Court's "Heinous.or Depraved" finding depended on conclusions that the offense was "Senseless" and "Shockingly Evil" requiring reweighing if either or both limiting constructions violate the Eighth Amendment.
B. States that base death sentences on the relative weight of aggravating and mitigating circumstances violate the Eighth Amendment if they include in the balance a facially vague aggravating circumstance that has not been given a constitutionally sufficient narrowing construction.
C. The Arizona Supreme Court's Reliance in this case on the "Senselessness" limiting construction of "heinous.or depraved" violates the Eighth and Fourteenth Amendments.
D. The Arizona Courts have not supplied a constitutional formulation of the "Senseless" limiting construction.


XI. THE AGGREGATE OF ERRORS IN DEBRA'S TRIAL, SENTENCING, AND APPEAL VIOLATED HER CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS.
A. In Debra Milke's case, the accumulation of errors and irregularities that occurred at her trial, sentencing and on appeal rises to the level of a denial of fundamental fairness.

CONCLUSION

The following Items are noted in the Conclusion Section of this Writ :

  1. EXHIBITS SUPPORTING THE PETITION : Debra submits with this petition numerous exhibits in support. The exhibits are hereby incorporated as part of the claims set forth herein. Investigation is ongoing and additional exhibits will be submitted as soon as practical.
  2. LEAVE TO AMEND : Giving the ongoing nature of this investigation, Debra requests leave to amend this petition pursuant to 28 U.S.C. Fed R Civ. Pro., Rule 15(a).
  3. INCORPORATION OF COURT FILE : Debra hereby incorporates by reference the entire court file in this case, including the transcript of the pretrial, trial and sentencing proceedings.
  4. PRAYER FOR RELIEF : Debra Milke requests this court :

    Discharge her from her unconstitutional confinement and restraint, relieve her of her unconstitutional sentences of death and imprisonment, grant a new trial or sentencing in accordance with constitutional mandates;
    Grant an evidentiary hearing , at which proof may be offered concerning the allegations of this petition;
    Grant Debra discovery in support of the claims of this petition; Suppress Debra's purported confession to Detective Saldate in any further proceedings against Debra;
    Grant such other and further relief as the court deems just and proper.



This page was last modified :
Monday, 03-Mar-2008 19:03:11 CST